Antara Dual dan Quad Core

Dual Core

Processor Dual Core adalah CPU dengan dua core yang saling terpisah yang berada dalam satu die, yang dimana masing-masing core mempunyai chace. Hal ini setara dengan mendapatkan dua mikro prosessor dalam satu bagian. Dual Core adalah istilah generik untuk merujuk kepada semua prosessor dengan inti ganda. Semua prosessor yang diklaim “dual core” seperti Pentium D, Pentium Dual, Celeron Dual, Athlon X2, Phenom X2, Core 2 Duo.

Core 2, adalah produk prosessor keluaran intel dengan basis arsitektur Intel Core. Intel Core Duo adalah generasi pertama Intel Core Architecture yang dikenalkan pertama kali untuk Notebook, sedangkan Intel Core 2 Duo adalah generasi kedua.

Pentium Dual, adalah nama prosessor dual core untuk segmen menengah. Prosessor ini memiliki dua macam arsitektur. Yaitu Pentium Dual berbasis Intel P6 (bisa dikenali dengan seri T21xx) dan Pentium Dual berbasis Intel Core (nomornya berseri T23xx atau T3xxx, untuk platform PC berseri E2xxx).

Pentium D, adalah Prosessor Dual Core dengan arsitektur P6 (Netburst), sederhananya yaitu dua chip Pentium 4 dalam satu prosessor.

Celeron Dual, adalah prosessor Dual Core dengan brand Celeron, berbasis Intel Core. Bisa dikenali dengan seri T1xxx (laptop) atau E1xxx (PC). Beda dengan Celeron D, prosessor ini memakai arsitektur P6 (Cedar Mill/Prescott) yang hanya memiliki satu core dan bukan prosessor Dula Core. Hal yang salah apabila Celeron D adalah prosessor berasitektur Intel Core.

Intel Core, adalah nama arsitektur prosessor pengganti P6/Netburst yang lebih efisien dan hemat energi. Nama Intel Core juga dipakai sebagai nama prosessor (Yonah/Cedar Mill), tetapi kedua nama tersebut berbeda jauh maknanya.

Pentium D, adalah prosessor yang dimana setiap chip nya bekerja sendiri-sendiri, sayangnya pada prosesor tidak ada pengecek suhu untuk chip kedua, sehingga tidak ada yang akan tahu apabila chip ke dua berada di suhu yang tinggi.

Intel Core Duo, adalah generasi pertama dari prosessor intel dengan arsitektur Core, karena Intel telah meninggalkan arsitektur Pentium. Model ini dapat memaksimalkan penggunaan core ke dua dari prosessor, dan sudah memiliki pengecekan panas bagi inti prosessor ke dua, difabrikasi dengan ukuran chip pada die 90nm – 65nm.

Core 2 Duo, adalah generasi kedua dari arsitektur Core, yang memiliki kecepatan latency yang lebih kecil (membuatnya lebih cepat dibanding pendahulunya) dan memiliki memori chace yang dipasang tiap core, tetapi terhubung satu sama lain secara paralel. Diproduksi dengan fabrikasi 65nm.

Quad Core

Quad Core adalah prosesor yang di dalam satu die terdapat empat prosessor. Contohnya yaitu Core 2 Quad, seperti halnya Pentium D yang terdiri dua chip pentium 4 begitu juga Core 2 Quad terdiri dari dua chip Core 2 Duo. Contoh lain dari prosessor quad core yaitu AMD Phenom X4 e9350. AMD mengintegrasikan memori DDR2 controller dan menggunakan Socket AM2 + (940 pin), sedangkan intel LGA775 dan chipset untuk kinerja memori, baik menggunakan DDR2 atau DDR3 RAM.

Perbedaan antara quad core dan dual core, yaitu :

1. Dual core adalah dua chip prosessor yang terdapat atau tergabung secara paralel dalam satu die, sedangkan quad core adalah dua chip prosessor dual core yang terdapat dalam satu die.

2. Karena semakin besarnya frekuensi prosessor menyebabkan semakin tingginya suhu, sehingga dibuatlah arsitektur Core(untuk intel, X2, X3, dan X4 untuk AMD), yaitu untuk mendapatkan frekuensi yang lebih tinggi hasil penjumlahan paralel frekuensi dua prosessor dalam satu die. Maka dari itu, hasil frekuensi prosessor quad core lebih tinggi ketimbang dual core.

3. Sesuai perkembangan prosessor, dalam satu prosessor bisa terdapat lebih dari dua chace seperti yang terdapat dalam prosessor quad core milik AMD yaitu Phenom X4 e9350 disediakan chace ketiga sebagai shared chace.

Getting to know Java Programming

GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT

2.1 Objectives

In this section, we will be discussing on how write, compile and run java programs. There are two ways of doing this, the first one is by using a console and text editor. The second one is by using NetBeans which is an Integrated Development Environment or IDE.

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

· Create a Java program using text editor and console in the Linux (Ubuntu Dapper) environment

· Differentiate between syntax-errors and runtime errrors

· Create a Java program using NetBeans

2.2 Introduction

An IDE is a programming environment integrated into a software application that provide a GUI builder, a text or code editor, a compiler and/or intepreter and a debugger.

This tutorial uses ubuntu Dapper as the operating system. Make sure that before you do this tutorial, you have installed Java and NetBeans in your system. Before going into details, let us first take a look at the first Java program you will be writing.

2.3 My First JAVA Program

public class Hello

{

/**

* My first java program

*/

public static void main (String[] args) {

//prints the string “Hello world” on screen

System.out.println(“Hello world”);

}

}

Before we try to explain what the program means, let’s first try to write the this program in a file and try to run it using a Text Editor and console. For this example, we will using a text editor to edit the Java source code. You will also need to open the Terminal window to compile and execute Your Java programs.

Step 1 : Start the Text Editor, to start the Text Editor, click on Applications -> Accessories -> Text Editor

Step 2 : Open Terminal, to open terminal in linux, click on Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal

Step 3 : Write the code in Text Editor and save your Java Program, and type your filename as “Hello.java”

Step 4 : Compiling your program, the next step is compiling your program, go to the terminal window we jusat opened a while ago. And then we go to the directory that containing file that we just created. To compile a Java program, we type in the command: javac [filename]. So in this case, type in : javac Hello.java

During compilation, javac adds a file to the disk called Hello.class

Step 5 : Running the program

To run your program, type in the command: java [filename without the extension], so int the case of our example, type in : java Hello

You can see on the screen that you have jusat run your first Java Program that prints the message, “Hello World”.

2.4 Errors

What we’ve shown so far is a Java Program wherein we did’nt encounter any problems in compliling and running. However, this is not always the case. As what we have discussed in the first part of this course, we usually encounter errors along the way.

As discussed before, there are two types of errors. The first one is a compile time error or also called syntax error. The second one is the runtime error.

a. syntax error

Syntax error are usually typing eroors. You may have misspelled a command in Java or forgot to write a semi-colon at the end of a statement. Java attempts to isolate the error by displaying the line of code and pointing to the first incorrect character in that line. However, the problem may not be at the exact point.

Other common mistakes are in capitalization, spelling, the use of incorrect special characters, and omission of correct punctuation.

Let’s take a example, our Hello.java program wherein we intentionally omit the semicolon at one statement and we try to type the incorrect spelling of a command. See the error messages generated after compiling the program. The first error message suggest that there is an error in line 6 of your program. It pointed to the next word after the static, which should be spelled as static.

The second error message suggests that there is a missing semicolon after your statement.

As a rule of thumb, if you encounter a lot of error messages, try to correct the first mistake in a long list, and try to comppile the program again. Doing so may reduce the total number of error dramatically.

b. runtime error

runtime error are errors that willnot display until you run or execute your program. Even programs that compile successfully may display wrong answers if the programmer hasn’t thougt through the logical processes and structures of the program.

2.5 Using NetBeans

Now that we’ve tried doing our programs the compilated way, let’s now see how to do all the processes we’ve described in the previous sections by using just one application.

In this part of the lesson, we will be using NetBeans, which is an Integrated Development Environment or IDE. An IDE is a programming environment integrated into a software application that provides a GUI builder, a text or code editor, a compiler and/or interpreter and a debugger.

Step 1 : Run NetBeans, there are two ways to run NetBeans. One is through command-line using terminal, or by just clicking on the shortcut button found on the desktop.

Step 2 : Make a project, let’s first make a project. Click on file-> New Project. After doing this, a New Project dialog will appear. Now click on Java Apllication and click on the Next button. Browse the address that we will save our project then. And type “Hello” as the main class name, and then click Finish button.

Step 3 : Type in your program, before typing in your program. NetBeans automatically creates the basic code for your Java program. You can just add your own statements to the generated code.

Step 4 : Compile your program, to compile your program, just click on build -> Build Main Project. Or, you could also use the shortcut button to compile your code.

If there are no errors in your program, you will see a build successful mesaage on the output window. And, after that Run your Program, then the output of your program is displayed in the output window.